C U L T -AND- C U L T U R E
T H E H E I D E L B E R G C A T E C H I S M
INTRODUCTION TO THE HEIDELBERG CATECHISM - This catechism was written by Zacharias Ursinus (1534-1583) and Caspar Olevianus (1536-1584) in Heidelberg, Germany and published in 1563 in German. It was endorsed by the Synod of Dort and embraced by Reformed Churches in many different countries. It is the custom of many churches that use it to explain it from the pulpit every Sunday afternoon, so it is divided into fifty-two sections. The source is Heidelberg Catechism published by Pine Hill Press. The Bible verses are from this edition also and include the original 1563 references plus additional ones the RCUS has added.
THE HEIDELBERG CATECHISM
Introduction
Lord's Day 1
Of Man's Misery
Lord's Day 2
Lord's Day 3
Lord's Day 4
Of Man's Redemption
Lord's Day 5
Lord's Day 14
Lord's Day 23
Lord's Day 6
Lord's Day 15
Lord's Day 24
Lord's Day 7
Lord's Day 16
Lord's Day 25
Lord's Day 8
Lord's Day 17
Lord's Day 26
Lord's Day 9
Lord's Day 18
Lord's Day 27
Lord's Day 10
Lord's Day 19
Lord's Day 28
Lord's Day 11
Lord's Day 20
Lord's Day 29
Lord's Day 12
Lord's Day 21
Lord's Day 30
Lord's Day 13
Lord's Day 22
Lord's Day 31
Of Thankfulness
Lord's Day 32
Lord's Day 39
Lord's Day 46
Lord's Day 33
Lord's Day 40
Lord's Day 47
Lord's Day 34
Lord's Day 41
Lord's Day 48
Lord's Day 35
Lord's Day 42
Lord's Day 49
Lord's Day 36
Lord's Day 43
Lord's Day 50
Lord's Day 37
Lord's Day 44
Lord's Day 51
Lord's Day 38
Lord's Day 45
Lord's Day 52
Question 1: What is your only comfort in life and in death?
Answer 1: That I, with body and soul, both in life and in death,[1] am not my
own,[2] but belong to my faithful Savior Jesus Christ,[3] who with His precious
blood [4] has fully satisfied for all my sins,[5] and redeemed me from all the
power of the devil;[6] and so preserves me [7] that without the will of my
Father in heaven not a hair can fall from my head;[8] indeed, that all things
must work together for my salvation.[9] Wherefore, by His Holy Spirit, He also
assures me of eternal life,[10] and makes me heartily willing and ready from now
on to live unto Him.[11]
1. Rom. 14:7-8
2. I Cor. 6:19
3. I Cor. 3:23
4. I Peter 1:18-19
5. I John 1:7; 2:2
6. I John 3:8
7. John 6:39
8. Matt. 10:29-30; Luke 21:18
9. Rom. 8:28
10. II Cor. 1:21-22; Eph. 1:13-14; Rom. 8:16
11. Rom. 8:1
Q2: How many things are necessary for you to know, that in this comfort you may
live and die happily?
A2: Three things:[1] First, the greatness of my sin and misery.[2] Second, how I
am redeemed from all my sins and misery.[3] Third, how I am to be thankful to
God for such redemption.[4]
1. Luke 24:46-47; I Cor. 6:11; Titus 3:3-7
2. John 9:41; 15:22
3. John 17:3
4. Eph. 5:8-11; I Peter 2:9-12; Rom. 6:11-14; 7:24-25; Gal. 3:13; Col. 3:17
Q3: From where do you know your misery?
A3: From the Law of God.[1]
1. Rom. 3:20; 7:7
Q4: What does the Law of God require of us?
A4: Christ teaches us in sum, Matthew 22: Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with
all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy
strength. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto
it: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. On these two commandments hang all
the law and the prophets.[1]
1. Luke 10:27; Deut. 6:5; Gal. 5:14
Q5: Can you keep all this perfectly?
A5: No,[1] for I am prone by nature to hate God and my neighbor.[2]
1. Rom. 3:10-12, 23; I John 1:8, 10
2. Rom. 8:7; Eph. 2:3
Q6: Did God create man thus, wicked and perverse?
A7: No,[1] but God created man good and after His own image,[2] that is, in
righteousness and true holiness; that he might rightly know God his Creator,
heartily love Him, and live with Him in eternal blessedness, to praise and
glorify Him.[3]
1. Gen. 1:31
2. Gen. 1:26-27
3. II Cor. 3:18; Col. 3:10; Eph. 4:24
Q7: From where, then, does this depraved nature of man come?
A7: From the fall and disobedience of our first parents, Adam and Eve, in
Paradise,[1] whereby our nature became so corrupt that we are all conceived and
born in sin.[2]
1. Gen. ch. 3; Rom. 5:12, 18-19
2. Psa. 14:2-3; 51:5
Q8: But are we so depraved that we are completely incapable of any good and
prone to all evil?
A8: Yes,[1] unless we are born again by the Spirit of God.[2]
1. John 3:6; Gen. 6:5; Job 14:4; Isa. 53:6
2. John 3:5; Gen. 8:21; II Cor. 3:5; Rom. 7:18; Jer. 17:9
Q9: Does not God, then, do injustice to man by requiring of him
in His law that which he cannot perform?
A9: No, for God so made man that he could perform it;[1] but man, through the
instigation of the devil, by wilful disobedience deprived himself and all his
descendants of this power.[2]
1. Eph. 4:24
2. Rom. 5:12
Q10: Will God allow such disobedience and apostasy to go unpunished?
A10: Certainly not,[1] but He is terribly displeased with our inborn as well as
our actual sins, and will punish them in just judgment in time and eternity, as
he has declared: Cursed is everyone that continueth not in all things which are
written in the book of the law, to do them.[2]
1. Heb. 9:27
2. Deut. 27:26; Gal. 3:10; Rom. 1:18; Matt. 25:41
Q11: But is not God also merciful?
A11: God is indeed merciful,[1] but He is likewise just;[2] His justice
therefore requires that sin, which is committed against the most high majesty of
God, be punished with extreme, that is, with everlasting punishment both of body
and soul.
1. Exod. 34:6-7
2. Exod. 20:5; Psa. 5:5-6; II Cor. 6:14-16; Rev. 14:11
Q12: Since, then, by the righteous judgment of God, we deserve
temporal and eternal punishment, how may we escape this punishment and be again
received into favor?
A12: God wills that His justice be satisfied;[1] therefore, we must make full
satisfaction to that justice, either by ourselves or by another.[2]
1. Exod. 20:5; 23:7
2. Rom. 8:3-4
Q13: Can we ourselves make this satisfaction?
A13: Certainly not; on the contrary, we daily increase our guilt.[1]
1. Job 9:2-3; 15:15-16; Matt. 6:12; 16:26
Q14: Can any mere creature make satisfaction for us?
A14: None; for first, God will not punish any other creature for the sin which
man committed;[1] and further, no mere creature can sustain the burden of God's
eternal wrath against sin [2] and redeem others from it.
1. Heb. 2:14-18
2. Psa. 130:3
Q15: What kind of mediator and redeemer, then, must we seek?
A15: One who is a true [1] and righteous man,[2] and yet more powerful than all
creatures, that is, one who is also true God.[3]
1. I Cor. 15:21-22, 25-26
2. Jer. 33:16; Isa. 53:11; II Cor. 5:21; Heb. 7:15-16
3. Isa. 7:14; Heb. 7:26
Q16: Why must He be a true and righteous man?
A16: Because the justice of God requires [1] that the same human nature which
has sinned should make satisfaction for sin; but one who is himself a sinner
cannot satisfy for others.[2]
1. Rom. 5:15
2. Isa. 53:3-5
Q17: Why must He also be true God?
A17: That by the power of His Godhead He might bear in His manhood the burden of
God's wrath,[1] and so obtain for [2] and restore to us righteousness and
life.[3]
1. Isa. 53:8; Acts 2:24
2. John 3:16; Acts 20:28
3. I John 1:2
Q18: But who now is that Mediator, who in one person is true God and also a true
and righteous man?
A18: Our Lord Jesus Christ,[1] who is freely given unto us for complete
redemption and righteousness.[2]
1. Matt. 1:23; I Tim. 3:16; Luke 2:11
2. I Cor. 1:30; Acts 4:12
Q19: From where do you know this?
A19: From the Holy Gospel, which God Himself first revealed in Paradise,[1]
afterwards proclaimed by the holy Patriarchs [2] and Prophets, and foreshadowed
by the sacrifices and other ceremonies of the law,[3] and finally fulfilled by
His well-beloved Son.[4]
1. Gen. 3:15
2. Gen. 22:18; 49:10-11; Rom. 1:2; Heb. 1:1; Acts 3:22-24; 10:43
3. John 5:46; Heb. 10:7
4. Rom. 10:4; Gal. 4:4-5; Heb. 10:1
Q20: Are all men, then, saved by Christ as they have perished in
Adam?
A20: No, only those who by true faith are ingrafted into Him and receive all His
benefits.[1]
1. John 1:12-13; I Cor. 15:22; Psa. 2:12; Rom. 11:20; Heb. 4:2-3; 10:39
Q21: What is true faith?
A21: True faith is not only a sure knowledge, whereby I hold for truth all that
God has revealed to us in His Word,[1] but also a hearty trust,[2] which the
Holy Ghost [3] works in me by the Gospel,[4] that not only to others, but to me
also, forgiveness of sins, everlasting righteousness, and salvation are freely
given by God,[5] merely of grace, only for the sake of Christ's merits.[6]
1. James 1:6
2. Rom. 4:16-18; 5:1
3. II Cor. 4:13; Phil. 1:19, 29
4. Rom. 1:16; 10:17
5. Heb. 11:1-2; Rom. 1:17
6. Eph. 2:7-9; Rom. 3:24-25; Gal. 2:16; Acts 10:43
Q22: What, then, is necessary for a Christian to believe?
A22: All that is promised us in the Gospel,[1] which the articles of our
catholic, undoubted Christian faith teach us in summary.
1. John 20:31; Matt. 28:20; II Peter 1:21; II Tim. 3:15
Q23: What are these articles?
A23: I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth. And
in Jesus Christ, His only begotten Son, our Lord: who was conceived by the Holy
Ghost, born of the virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified,
dead and buried; He descended into hell; the third day He rose from the dead; He
ascended into heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty;
from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in
the Holy Ghost, the Holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints, the
forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting.
Q24: How are these articles divided?
A24: Into three parts: the first is of God the Father and our creation; the
second, of God the Son and our redemption; the third, of God the Holy Ghost and
our sanctification.[1]
1. I Peter 1:2; I John 5:7
Q25: Since there is but one Divine Being,[1] why do you speak of three persons:
Father, Son and Holy Ghost?
A25: Because God has so revealed Himself in His Word,[2] that these three
distinct Persons are the one, true, eternal God.
1. Deut. 6:4
2. Isa. 61:1; Psa. 110:1; Matt. 3:16-17; 28:19; I John 5:7; II Cor. 13:14
Q26: What do you believe when you say: "I believe in God the
Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth"?
A26: That the eternal Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who of nothing made
heaven and earth with all that in them is,[1] who likewise upholds and governs
the same by His eternal counsel and providence,[2] is for the sake of Christ His
Son, my God and my Father,[3] in whom I so trust as to have no doubt that He
will provide me with all things necessary for body and soul;[4] and further,
that whatever evil He sends upon me in this troubled life, He will turn to my
good;[5] for He is able to do it, being Almighty God,[6] and willing also, being
a faithful Father.[7]
1. Gen. 1:31; Psa. 33:6; Col. 1:16; Heb. 11:3
2. Psa. 104:2-5; 115:3; Matt. 10:30; Heb. 1:3; Acts 17:24-25
3. John 1:12; Rom. 8:15; Gal. 4:5-7; Eph. 1:5; 3:14-16; Matt. 6:8
4. Psa. 55:22; 90:1-2; Matt. 6:25-26; Luke 12:22-24
5. Rom. 8:28; Acts 17:27-28
6. Rom. 10:12
7. Matt. 7:9-11; Num. 23:19
Q27: What do you understand by the providence of God?
A27: The almighty, everywhere-present power of God,[1] whereby, as it were by
His hand, He still upholds heaven and earth with all creatures,[2] and so
governs them that herbs and grass, rain and drought, fruitful and barren years,
meat and drink,[3] health and sickness,[4] riches and poverty,[5] indeed, all
things come not by chance, but by His fatherly hand.
1. Acts 17:25-26
2. Heb. 1:3
3. Jer. 5:24; Acts 14:17
4. John 9:3
5. Prov. 22:2; Psa. 103:19; Rom. 5:3-5a
Q28: What does it profit us to know that God created and by His providence
upholds all things?
A28: That we may be patient in adversity,[1] thankful in prosperity,[2] and for
what is future have good confidence in our faithful God and Father, that no
creature shall separate us from His love,[3] since all creatures are so in His
hand, that without His will they cannot so much as move.[4]
1. Rom. 5:3; James 1:3; Job 1:21
2. Deut. 8:10; I Thess. 5:18
3. Rom. 8:35, 38-39
4. Job 1:12; Acts 17:25-28; Prov. 21:1; Psa. 71:7; II Cor. 1:10
Q29: Why is the Son of God called "Jesus," that is, Savior?
A29: Because He saves us from our sins,[1] and because salvation is not to be
sought or found in any other.[2]
1. Matt. 1:21; Heb. 7:25
2. Acts 4:12; Luke 2:10-11
Q30: Do those also believe in the only Savior Jesus, who seek their salvation
and welfare from "saints," themselves, or anywhere else?
A30: No; although they make their boast of Him, yet in their deeds they deny the
only Savior Jesus;[1] for either Jesus is not a complete Savior, or they who by
true faith receive this Savior, must have in Him all that is necessary to their
salvation.[2]
1. I Cor. 1:13, 30-31; Gal. 5:4
2. Isa. 9:7; Col. 1:20, 2:10; John 1:16; Matt. 23:28
Q31: Why is He called "Christ," that is, Anointed?
A31: Because He is ordained of God the Father and anointed with the Holy Ghost
[1] to be our chief Prophet and Teacher,[2] who has fully revealed to us the
secret counsel and will of God concerning our redemption;[3] and our only High
Priest,[4] who by the one sacrifice of His body has redeemed us, and ever lives
to make intercession for us with the Father;[5] and our eternal King, who
governs us by His Word and Spirit, and defends and preserves us in the
redemption obtained for us.[6]
1. Heb. 1:9
2. Deut. 18:15; Acts 3:22
3. John 1:18; 15:15
4. Psa. 110:4; Heb. 7:21
5. Rom. 5:9-10
6. Psa. 2:6; Luke 1:33; Matt. 28:18; Isa. 61:1-2; I Peter 2:24; Rev. 19:16
Q32: But why are you called a Christian?
A32: Because by faith I am a member of Christ [1] and thus a partaker of His
anointing,[2] in order that I also may confess His Name,[3] may present myself a
living sacrifice of thankfulness to Him,[4] and with a free conscience may fight
against sin and the devil in this life,[5] and hereafter in eternity reign with
Him over all creatures.[6]
1. Acts 11:26; I John 2:20, 27
2. Acts 2:17
3. Mark 8:38
4. Rom. 12:1; Rev. 5:8, 10; I Peter 2:9; Rev. 1:6
5. I Tim. 1:18-19
6. II Tim. 2:12; Eph. 6:12; Rev. 3:21
Q33: Why is He called God's "only begotten Son," since we also
are the children of God?
A33: Because Christ alone is the eternal, natural Son of God,[1] but we are the
children of God by adoption, through grace, for His sake.[2]
1. John 1:14, 18
2. Rom. 8:15-17; Eph. 1:5-6; I John 3:1
Q34: Why do you call Him "our Lord"?
A34: Because not with silver or gold, but with His precious blood, He has
redeemed and purchased us, body and soul, from sin and from all the power of the
devil, to be His own.[1]
1. I Peter 1:18-19; 2:9; I Cor. 6:20; 7:23; Acts 2:36; Titus 2:14; Col. 1:14
Q35: What is the meaning of "conceived by the Holy Ghost, born
of the virgin Mary"?
A35: That the eternal Son of God, who is [1] and continues true and eternal
God,[2] took upon Himself the very nature of man, of the flesh and blood of the
virgin Mary,[3] by the operation of the Holy Ghost;[4] so that He might also be
the true seed of David,[5] like unto His brethren in all things,[6] except for
sin.[7]
1. John 1:1; Rom. 1:3-4
2. Rom. 9:5
3. Gal. 4:4; John 1:14
4. Matt. 1:18-20; Luke 1:35
5. Psa. 132:11
6. Phil. 2:7
7. Heb. 4:15: I John 5:20
Q36: What benefit do you receive from the holy conception and birth of Christ?
A36: That He is our Mediator,[1] and with His innocence and perfect holiness
covers, in the sight of God, my sin, wherein I was conceived.[2]
1. Heb. 2:16-17
2. Psa. 32:1; I John 1:9
Q37: What do you understand by the word "suffered"?
A37: That all the time He lived on earth, but especially at the end of His life,
He bore, in body and soul, the wrath of God against the sin of the whole human
race;[1] in order that by His suffering, as the only atoning sacrifice,[2] He
might redeem our body and soul from everlasting damnation, and obtain for us the
grace of God, righteousness and eternal life.
1. I Peter 2:24; Isa. 53:12
2. I John 2:2; 4:10; Rom. 3:25-26; 5:6; Psa. 22:14-16; Matt. 26:38
Q38: Why did He suffer "under Pontius Pilate" as judge?
A38: That He, being innocent, might be condemned by the temporal judge,[1] and
thereby deliver us from the severe judgment of God, to which we were exposed.[2]
1. Acts 4:27-28; Luke 23:13-15; John 19:4
2. Psa. 69:4; II Cor. 5:21; Matt. 27:24
Q39: Is there anything more in His having been "crucified" than if He had
suffered some other death?
A39: Yes, for thereby I am assured that He took upon Himself the curse which lay
upon me,[1] because the death of the cross was accursed of God.[2]
1. Gal. 3:13-14
2. Deut. 21:22-23; Phil. 2:8
Q40: Why was it necessary for Christ to suffer "death"?
A40: Because the justice and truth [1] of God required that satisfaction for our
sins could be made in no other way than by the death of the Son of God.[2]
1. Gen. 2:17
2. Heb. 2:9; Rom. 6:23
Q41: Why was He "buried"?
Q41: To show thereby that He was really dead.[1]
1. Matt. 27:59-60
2. John 19:38-42; Acts 13:29
Q42: Since, then, Christ died for us, why must we also die?
A42: Our death is not a satisfaction for our sin, but only a dying to sin and an
entering into eternal life.[1]
1. John 5:24; Phil. 1:23; Rom. 7:24-25
Q43: What further benefit do we receive from the sacrifice and death of Christ
on the cross?
A43: That by His power our old man is with Him crucified, slain and buried;[1]
so that the evil lusts of the flesh may no more reign in us,[2] but that we may
offer ourselves unto Him a sacrifice of thanksgiving.[3]
1. Rom. 6:6-8; Col. 2:12
2. Rom. 6:12
3. Rom. 12:1; II Cor. 5:15
Q44: Why is it added: "He descended into hell"?
A44: That in my greatest temptations I may be assured that Christ my Lord, by
His inexpressible anguish, pains and terrors, which He suffered in His soul on
the cross and before, has redeemed me from the anguish and torment of hell.[1]
1. Isa. 53:10; Matt. 27:46; Psa. 18:5; 116:3
Q45: What benefit do we receive from the "resurrection" of
Christ?
A45: First, by His resurrection He has overcome death, that He might make us
partakers of the righteousness which He has obtained for us by His death.[1]
Second, by His power we are also now raised up to a new life.[2] Third, the
resurrection of Christ is to us a sure pledge of our blessed resurrection.[3]
1. I Cor. 15:15, 17, 54-55; Rom. 4:25; I Peter 1:3-4, 21
2. Rom. 6:4; Col. 3:1-4; Eph. 2:5
3. I Cor. 15:12, 20-21; Rom. 8:11
Q46: What do you understand by the words "He ascended into heaven"?
A46: That Christ, in the sight of His disciples, was taken up from the earth
into heaven,[1] and continues there in our behalf [2] until He shall come again
to judge the living and the dead.[3]
1. Acts 1:9; Matt. 26:64; Mark 16:9; Luke 24:51
2. Heb. 4:14; 7:24-25; 9:11; Rom. 8:34; Eph. 4:10
3. Acts 1:11; 3:20-21; Matt. 24:30
Q47: But is not Christ with us even unto the end of the world,[1] as He has
promised?
A47: Christ is true man and true God. According to His human nature He is now
not on earth,[2] but according to His Godhead, majesty, grace, and Spirit, He is
at no time absent from us.[3]
1. Matt. 28:20
2. Matt. 26:11; John 16:28; 17:11
3. John 14:17-18; 16:13; Eph. 4:8; Matt. 18:20; Heb. 8:4
Q48: But are not, in this way, the two natures in Christ separated from one
another, if the manhood is not wherever the Godhead is?
A48: Not at all, for since the Godhead is incomprehensible and everywhere
present,[1] it must follow that it is indeed beyond the bounds of the manhood
which it has assumed, but is yet nonetheless in the same also, and remains
personally united to it.[2]
1. Acts 7:49; Jer. 23:24
2. Col. 2:9; John 1:48; 3:13; 11:15; Matt. 28:6
Q49: What benefit do we receive from Christ's ascension into
heaven?
A49: First, that He is our Advocate in the presence of His Father in heaven.[1]
Second, that we have our flesh in heaven as a sure pledge, that He as the Head
will also take us, His members, up to Himself.[2] Third, that He sends us His
Spirit as an earnest,[3] by whose power we seek those things which are above,
where Christ sits at the right hand of God, and not things on the earth.[4]
1. I John 2:1; Rom. 8:34
2. John 14:2; 20:17; Eph. 2:6
3. John 14:16; Acts 2:33; II Cor. 5:5
4. Col. 3:1; John 14:3; Heb. 9:24
Q50: Why is it added: "And sitteth at the right hand of God"?
A50: Because Christ ascended into heaven for this end, that He might there
appear as the Head of His Church,[1] by whom the Father governs all things.[2]
1. Eph. 1:20-23; Col. 1:18
2. John 5:22; I Peter 3:22; Psa. 110:1
Q51: What does this glory of Christ, our Head, profit us?
A51: First, that by His Holy Spirit He pours out heavenly gifts upon us, His
members;[1] then, that by His power He defends and preserves us against all
enemies.[2]
1. Eph. 4:10-12
2. Psa. 2:9; John 10:28-30; I Cor. 15:25-26; Acts 2:33
Q52: What comfort is it to you that Christ "shall come to judge the living and
the dead"?
A52: That in all my sorrows and persecutions, I, with uplifted head, look for
the very One, who offered Himself for me to the judgment of God, and removed all
curse from me, to come as Judge from heaven,[1] who shall cast all His and my
enemies into everlasting condemnation,[2] but shall take me with all His chosen
ones to Himself into heavenly joy and glory.[3]
1. Luke 21:28; Rom. 8:23-24; Phil. 3:20-21; Titus 2:13
2. II Thess. 1:6, 10; Matt. 25:41
3. I Thess. 4:16-18; Acts 1:10-11; Heb. 9:28
Q53: What do you believe concerning the "Holy Ghost"?
A53: First, that He is coeternal God with the Father and the Son.[1] Second,
that He is also given unto me:[2] by true faith makes me a partaker of Christ
and all His benefits,[3] comforts me,[4] and shall abide with me forever.[5]
1. Gen. 1:2; Isa. 48:16; I Cor. 3:16; 6:19; Acts 5:3-4
2. Matt. 28:19; II Cor. 1:21-22
3. I Peter 1:2; I Cor. 6:17
4. Acts 9:31
5. John 14:16; I Peter 4:14; I John 4:13; Rom. 15:13
Q54: What do you believe concerning the "Holy Catholic Church"?
A54: That out of the whole human race,[1] from the beginning to the end of the
world,[2] the Son of God,[3] by His Spirit and Word,[4] gathers, defends and
preserves for Himself unto everlasting life a chosen communion [5] in the unity
of the true faith;[6] and that I am and forever shall remain a living member of
this communion.[7]
1. Gen. 26:4
2. John 10:10
3. Eph. 1:10-13
4. Rom. 1:16; 10:14-17; Isa. 59:21; Eph. 5:26
5. Rom. 8:29-30; Matt. 16:18; Eph. 4:3-6
6. Acts 2:46; Psa. 71:18; I Cor. 1:8-9; 11:26; John 10:28-30
7. I John 2:19; 3:21; Gal. 3:28
Q55: What do you understand by the "communion of saints"?
A55: First, that believers, one and all, as members of the Lord Jesus Christ,
are partakers with Him in all His treasures and gifts;[1] second, that each one
must feel himself bound to use his gifts readily and cheerfully for the
advantage and welfare of other members.[2]
1. I John 1:3
2. I Cor. 12:12-13, 21; 13:5-6; Phil. 2:4-6; Heb. 3:14
Q56: What do you believe concerning the "forgiveness of sins"?
A56: That God, for the sake of Christ's satisfaction,[1] will no more remember
my sins, nor the sinful nature with which I have to struggle all my life
long;[2] but graciously imputes to me the righteousness of Christ, that I may
nevermore come into condemnation.[3]
1. I John 2:2
2. II Cor. 5:19, 21; Rom. 7:24-25; 8:1-4; Psa. 103:3, 10, 12; Jer. 31:34
3. John. 3:18; Eph. 1:7; Rom. 4:7-8; 7:18
Q57: What comfort do you receive from the "resurrection of the
body"?
A57: That not only my soul after this life shall be immediately taken up to
Christ its Head,[1] but also that this my body, raised by the power of Christ,
shall be reunited with my soul, and made like unto the glorious body of
Christ.[2]
1. Luke 23:43; Phil. 1:21-23
2. I Cor. 15:53-54; Job 19:25-27; I John 3:2
Q58: What comfort do you receive from the article "life everlasting"?
A58: That, inasmuch as I now feel in my heart the beginning of eternal joy,[1] I
shall after this life possess complete blessedness, such as eye has not seen,
nor ear heard, neither has entered into the heart of man,[2] therein to praise
God forever.[3]
1. II Cor. 5:2-3
2. I Cor. 2:9
3. John 17:3; Rom. 8:23; I Peter 1:8
Q59: But what does it help you now, that you believe all this?
A59: That I am righteous in Christ before God, and an heir of eternal life.[1]
1. Hab. 2:4; Rom. 1:17; 5:1; 8:16; John 3:36; Titus 3:7
Q60: How are you righteous before God?
A60: Only by true faith in Jesus Christ:[1] that is, although my conscience
accuses me, that I have grievously sinned against all the commandments of God,
and have never kept any of them,[2] and am still prone always to all evil;[3]
yet God, without any merit of mine,[4] of mere grace,[5] grants and imputes to
me the perfect satisfaction,[6] righteousness and holiness of Christ,[7] as if I
had never committed nor had any sins, and had myself accomplished all the
obedience which Christ has fulfilled for me;[8] if only I accept such benefit
with a believing heart.[9]
1. Rom. 3:21-25; Gal. 2:16; Eph. 2:8-9; Phil. 3:9
2. Rom. 3:9-10
3. Rom. 7:23
4. Titus 3:5
5. Rom. 3:24; Eph. 2:8
6. I John 2:2
7. I John 2:1; Rom. 4:4-5; II Cor. 5:19
8. II Cor. 5:21
9. John 3:18; Rom. 3:28; 10:10
Q61: Why do you say that you are righteous by faith only?
A61: Not that I am acceptable to God on account of the worthiness of my faith,
but because only the satisfaction, righteousness and holiness of Christ is my
righteousness before God;[1] and I can receive the same and make it my own in no
other way than by faith only.[2]
1. I Cor. 1:30; 2:2
2. I John 5:10; Isa. 53:5; Gal. 3:22; Rom. 4:16
Q62: But why cannot our good works be the whole or part of our
righteousness before God?
A62: Because the righteousness which can stand before the judgment seat of God
must be perfect throughout and entirely conformable to the divine law,[1] but
even our best works in this life are all imperfect and defiled with sin.[2]
1. Gal. 3:10; Deut. 27:26
2. Isa. 64:6; James 2:10; Phil. 3:12
Q63: Do our good works merit nothing, even though it is God's will to reward
them in this life and in that which is to come?
A63: The reward comes not of merit, but of grace.[1]
1. Luke 17:10; Rom. 11:6
Q64: But does not this doctrine make men careless and profane?
A64: No, for it is impossible that those who are implanted into Christ by true
faith, should not bring forth fruits of thankfulness.[1]
1. Matt. 7:18; Rom. 6:1-2; John 15:5
Q65: Since, then, we are made partakers of Christ and all his
benefits by faith only, where does this faith come from?
A65: The Holy Ghost works faith in our hearts [1] by the preaching of the Holy
Gospel, and confirms it by the use of the holy sacraments.[2]
1. John 3:5; Rom. 10:17
2. Rom. 4:11; Acts 8:37
Q66: What are the sacraments?
A66: The sacraments are visible, holy signs and seals appointed by God for this
end, that by their use He may the more fully declare and seal to us the promise
of the Gospel, namely, that of free grace He grants us the forgiveness of sins
and everlasting life for the sake of the one sacrifice of Christ accomplished on
the cross.[1]
1. Gen. 17:11; Rom. 4:11; Deut. 30:6; Heb. 9:8-9; Ezek. 20:12
Q67: Are both the Word and the sacraments designed to direct our faith to the
sacrifice of Christ on the cross as the only ground of our salvation?
A67: Yes, truly, for the Holy Ghost teaches in the Gospel and assures us by the
holy sacraments, that our whole salvation stands in the one sacrifice of Christ
made for us on the cross.[1]
1. Rom. 6:3; Gal. 3:27; Heb. 9:12; Acts 2:41-42
Q68: How many sacraments has Christ instituted in the New Testament?
A68: Two: Holy Baptism and the Holy Supper.
Q69: How is it signified and sealed to you in Holy Baptism that
you have part in the one sacrifice of Christ on the cross?
A69: Thus: that Christ instituted this outward washing with water [1] and joined
to it this promise,[2] that I am washed with His blood and Spirit from the
pollution of my soul, that is, from all my sins, as certainly as I am washed
outwardly with water, whereby commonly the filthiness of the body is taken
away.[3]
1. Matt. 28:19-20; Acts 2:38
2. Matt. 3:11; Mark 16:16; Rom. 6:3-4
3. Mark 1:4
Q70: What is it to be washed with the blood and Spirit of Christ?
Q70: It is to have the forgiveness of sins from God through grace, for the sake
of Christ's blood, which He shed for us in His sacrifice on the cross;[1] and
also to be renewed by the Holy Spirit and sanctified to be members of Christ, so
that we may more and more die unto sin and lead holy and unblamable lives.[2]
1. Heb. 12:24; I Peter 1:2; Rev. 1:5; Zech. 13:1; Ezek. 36:25-27
2. John 1:33; 3:3; I Cor. 6:11; 12:13; Heb. 9:14
Q71: Where has Christ promised that we are as certainly washed with His blood
and Spirit as with the water of Baptism?
Q72: In the institution of Baptism, which says: Go ye, therefore, and teach all
nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
Holy Ghost. [1] He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that
believeth not shall be damned.[2] This promise is also repeated where the
Scripture calls Baptism the washing of regeneration [3] and the washing away of
sins.[4]
1. Matt. 28:19
2. Mark 16:16
3. Titus 3:5
4. Acts 22:16
Q72: Is, then, the outward washing with water itself the washing
away of sins?
A72: No,[1] for only the blood of Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit cleanse us
from all sin.[2]
1. I Peter 3:21; Eph. 5:26
2. I John 1:7; I Cor. 6:11
Q73: Why then does the Holy Ghost call Baptism the washing of regeneration and
the washing away of sins?
A73: God speaks thus with great cause, namely, not only to teach us thereby that
just as the filthiness of the body is taken away by water, so our sins are taken
away by the blood and Spirit of Christ;[1] but much more, that by this divine
pledge and token He may assure us that we are as really washed from our sins
spiritually as our bodies are washed with water.[2]
1. Rev. 7:14
2. Mark 16:16; Acts 2:38
Q74: Are infants also to be baptized?
Q74: Yes, for since they, as well as their parents, belong to the covenant and
people of God,[1] and through the blood of Christ [2] both redemption from sin
and the Holy Ghost, who works faith, are promised to them no less than to their
parents,[3] they are also by Baptism, as a sign of the covenant, to be ingrafted
into the Christian Church, and distinguished from the children of
unbelievers,[4] as was done in the Old Testament by circumcision,[5] in place of
which in the New Testament Baptism is appointed.[6]
1. Gen. 17:7
2. Matt. 19:14
3. Luke 1:14-15; Psa. 22:10; Acts 2:39
4. Acts 10:47
5. Gen. 17:14
6. Col. 2:11-13
Q75: How is it signified and sealed to you in the Holy Supper
that you partake of the one sacrifice of Christ on the cross and all His
benefits?
Q75: Thus: that Christ has commanded me and all believers to eat of this broken
bread and to drink of this cup in remembrance of Him, and has joined therewith
these promises:[1] first, that His body was offered and broken on the cross for
me and His blood shed for me, as certainly as I see with my eyes the bread of
the Lord broken for me and the cup communicated to me; and further, that with
His crucified body and shed blood He Himself feeds and nourishes my soul to
everlasting life, as certainly as I receive from the hand of the minister and
taste with my mouth the bread and cup of the Lord, which are given me as certain
tokens of the body and blood of Christ.
1. Matt. 26:26-28; Mark 14:22-24; Luke 22:19-20; I Cor. 10:16-17; 11:23-25;
12:13
Q76: What does it mean to eat the crucified body and drink the shed blood of
Christ?
A76: It means not only to embrace with a believing heart all the sufferings and
death of Christ, and thereby to obtain the forgiveness of sins and life
eternal;[1] but moreover, also, to be so united more and more to His sacred body
by the Holy Spirit,[2] who dwells both in Christ and in us, that, although He is
in heaven [3] and we on earth, we are nevertheless flesh of His flesh and bone
of His bone,[4] and live and are governed forever by one Spirit, as members of
the same body are governed by one soul.[5]
1. John 6:35, 40, 47-48, 50-54
2. John 6:55-56
3. Acts 3:21; I Cor. 11:26
4. Eph. 3:16-19; 5:29-30, 32; I Cor. 6:15, 17, 19; I John 4:13
5. John 6:56-58, 63; 14:23; 15:1-6; Eph. 4:15-16
Q77: Where has Christ promised that He will thus feed and nourish believers with
His body and blood as certainly as they eat of this broken bread and drink of
this cup?
A77: In the institution of the Supper, which says: The Lord Jesus the same night
in which he was betrayed took bread: and when He had given thanks, He brake it,
and said, Take, eat: this is My body, which is broken for you: this do in
remembrance of me. After the same manner also He took the cup, when he had
supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in My blood: this do ye, as oft as
ye drink it, in remembrance of me. For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink
this cup, ye do show the Lord's death till He come. And this promise is also
repeated by the apostle Paul, where he says: The cup of blessing which we bless,
is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it
not the communion of the body of Christ? Because there is one bread, so we being
many are one body, for we are all partakers of that one bread.[1]
1. I Cor. 11:23-25; 10:16-17
Q78: Do, then, the bread and the wine become the real body and
blood of Christ?
A78: No, but as the water in Baptism is not changed into the blood of Christ,
nor becomes the washing away of sins itself, being only the divine token and
assurance thereof,[1] so also in the Lord's Supper the sacred bread [2] does not
become the body of Christ itself, though agreeably to the nature and usage of
sacraments it is called the body of Christ.[3]
1. Matt. 26:29
2. I Cor. 11:26-28
3. Exod. 12:26-27, 43, 48; I Cor. 10:1-4
Q79: Why then does Christ call the bread His body, and the cup His blood, or the
new testament in His blood; and the apostle Paul, the communion of the body and
blood of Christ?
A79: Christ speaks thus with great cause, namely, not only to teach us thereby,
that like as the bread and wine sustain this temporal life, so also His
crucified body and shed blood are the true meat and drink of our souls unto life
eternal;[1] but much more, by this visible sign and pledge to assure us that we
are as really partakers of His true body and blood by the working of the Holy
Ghost, as we receive by the mouth of the body these holy tokens in remembrance
of Him;[2] and that all His sufferings and obedience are as certainly our own,
as if we ourselves had suffered and done all in our own person.
1. John 6:51-55
2. I Cor. 10:16-17
Q80: What difference is there between the Lord's Supper and the
Pope's Mass?
A80: The Lord's Supper testifies to us that we have full forgiveness of all our
sins by the one sacrifice of Jesus Christ, which He Himself once accomplished on
the cross;[1] and that by the Holy Ghost we are ingrafted into Christ,[2] who,
with His true body, is now in heaven at the right hand of the Father,[3] and is
there to be worshiped.[4] But the Mass teaches that the living and the dead do
not have forgiveness of sins through the sufferings of Christ, unless Christ is
still daily offered for them by the priests, and that Christ is bodily under the
form of bread and wine, and is therefore to be worshiped in them. And thus the
Mass at bottom is nothing else than a denial of the one sacrifice and suffering
of Jesus Christ,[5] and an accursed idolatry.
1. Heb. 7:27; 9:12, 25-28; 10:10, 12, 14; 19:30
2. I Cor. 6:17
3. Heb. 1:3; 8:1
4. John 4:21-24; 20:17; Luke 24:52; Acts 7:55; Col. 3:1; Phil. 3:20-21; I Thess.
1:9-10
5. Heb. ch. 9-10
Q81: Who are to come to the table of the Lord?
A81: Those who are displeased with themselves for their sins, yet trust that
these are forgiven them, and that their remaining infirmity is covered by the
suffering and death of Christ; who also desire more and more to strengthen their
faith and to amend their life. But the impenitent and hypocrites eat and drink
judgment to themselves.[1]
1. I Cor. 10:19-22; 11:28-29; Psa. 51:3; 103:1-4; John 7:37-38; Matt. 5:6
Q82: Are they, then, also to be admitted to this Supper who show themselves by
their confession and life to be unbelieving and ungodly?
A82: No, for thereby the covenant of God is profaned and His wrath provoked
against the whole congregation;[1] therefore, the Christian Church is bound,
according to the order of Christ and His Apostles, to exclude such persons by
the Office of the Keys until they amend their lives.
1. I Cor. 11:20, 30-32, 34a; Isa. 1:11-15; 66:3; Jer. 7:21-23; Psa. 50:16-17;
Matt. 7:6; Titus 3:10-11; II Thess. 3:6
Q83: What is the Office of the Keys?
A83: The preaching of the Holy Gospel and Christian discipline; by these two the
kingdom of heaven is opened to believers and shut against unbelievers.[1]
1. Matt. 16:18-19; 18:18; John 20:23; Luke 24:46-47; I Cor. 1:23-24
Q84: How is the kingdom of heaven opened and shut by the preaching of the Holy
Gospel?
A84: In this way: that, according to the command of Christ, it is proclaimed and
openly witnessed to believers, one and all, that as often as they accept with
true faith the promise of the Gospel, all their sins are really forgiven them of
God for the sake of Christ's merits; and on the contrary, to all unbelievers and
hypocrites, that the wrath of God and eternal condemnation abide on them so long
as they are not converted.[1] According to this testimony of the Gospel, God
will judge men both in this life and in that which is to come.
1. John 8:24; 20:21-23; Acts 10:43; Isa. 58:1; II Cor. 2:15-16
Q85: How is the kingdom of heaven shut and opened by Christian discipline?
A85: In this way: that, according to the command of Christ, if any under the
Christian name show themselves unsound either in doctrine or life, and after
several brotherly admonition do not turn from their errors or evil ways, they
are complained of to the Church or to its proper officers; and, if they neglect
to hear them also, are by them denied the holy sacraments and thereby excluded
from the Christian communion, and by God Himself from the kingdom of Christ; and
if they promise and show real amendment, they are again received as members of
Christ and His Church.[1]
1. Matt. 18:15-18; I Cor. 5:3-5, 11; II Thess. 3:14-15; II John 1:10-11
Q86: Since, then, we are redeemed from our misery by grace
through Christ, without any merit of ours, why must we do good works?
A86: Because Christ, having redeemed us by His blood, also renews us by His Holy
Spirit after His own image, that with our whole life we show ourselves thankful
to God for His blessing,[1] and that He be glorified through us;[2] then also,
that we ourselves may be assured of our faith by the fruits thereof;[3] and by
our godly walk may win others also to Christ.[4]
1. Rom. 6:13; 12:1-2; I Peter 2:5, 9-10, 12; I Cor. 6:20;
2. Matt. 5:16; I Peter 2:12
3. Matt. 7:17-18; Gal. 5:6, 22-23
4. Rom. 14:19; I Peter 3:1-2; II Peter 1:10
Q87: Can they, then, be saved who do not turn to God from their unthankful,
impenitent life?
A87: By no means, for, as Scripture says, no unchaste person, idolater,
adulterer, thief, covetous man, drunkard, slanderer, robber, or the like shall
inherit the kingdom of God.[1]
1. I Cor. 6:9-10; Eph. 5:5-6; I John 3:14-15
Q88: In how many things does true repentance or conversion
consist?
A88: In two things: the dying of the old man,[1] and the making alive of the
new.
1. Rom. 6:4-6; Eph. 4:22-24; Col. 3:5-10; I Cor. 5:7
Q89: What is the dying of the old man?
A89: Heartfelt sorrow for sin, causing us to hate and turn from it always more
and more.[1]
1. Rom. 8:13; Joel 2:13
Q90: What is the making alive of the new man?
A90: Heartfelt joy in God through Christ,[1] causing us to take delight in
living according to the will of God in all good works.[2]
1. Rom. 5:1; 14:17; Isa. 57:15
2. Rom. 7:22; 8:10-11; Gal. 2:20
Q91: What are good works?
A91: Those only which proceed from true faith,[1] and are done according to the
Law of God,[2] unto His glory,[3] and not such as rest on our own opinion [4] or
the commandments of men.[5]
1. Rom. 14:23
2. I Sam. 15:22; Eph. 2:10
3. I Cor. 10:31
4. Deut. 12:32; Ezek. 20:18, 20; Isa. 29:13
5. Matt. 15:9; Num. 15:39
Q92: What is the Law of God?
A92: God spake all these words, saying,
FIRST COMMANDMENT
I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of
the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me.
SECOND COMMANDMENT
Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that
is in heaven above or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water
under the earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I
the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the
children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing
mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.
THIRD COMMANDMENT
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not
hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain.
FOURTH COMMANDMENT
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor and do all
thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou
shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor
thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: for
in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is,
and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and
hallowed it.
FIFTH COMMANDMENT
Honor thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which
the Lord thy God giveth thee.
SIXTH COMMANDMENT
Thou shalt not kill.
SEVENTH COMMANDMENT
Thou shalt not commit adultery.
EIGHTH COMMANDMENT
Thou shalt not steal.
NINTH COMMANDMENT
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor.
TENTH COMMANDMENT
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's
wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor
anything that is thy neighbor's.[1]
1. Exod. ch. 20; Deut. ch. 5; Matt. 5:17-19; Rom. 3:31; 10:5; Psa. 119:9
Q93: How are these Commandments divided?
A93: Into two tables:[1] the first of which teaches, in four commandments, what
duties we owe to God; the second, in six, what duties we owe to our neighbor.[2]
1. Exod. 34:28; Deut. 4:13
2. Matt. 22:37-40
Q94: What does God require in the first Commandment?
A94: That, on peril of my soul's salvation, I avoid and flee all idolatry,[1]
sorcery, enchantments,[2] invocation of saints or of other creatures;[3] and
that I rightly acknowledge the only true God,[4] trust in Him alone,[5] with all
humility [6] and patience [7] expect all good from Him only,[8] and love,[9]
fear [10] and honor [11] Him with my whole heart; so as rather to renounce all
creatures than to do the least thing against His will.[12]
1. I Cor. 10:7, 14
2. Lev. 19:31; Deut. 18:10-12
3. Matt. 4:10; Rev. 19:10; 22:8-9
4. John 17:3
5. Jer. 17:5
6. I Peter 5:5-6
7. Heb. 10:36; Col. 1:10b-11; Rom. 5:3-4; I Cor. 10:10
8. Psa. 104:27-30; Isa. 45:6b-7; James 1:17
9. Deut. 6:5
10. Deut. 6:2; Psa. 111:10; Prov. 9:10; Matt. 10:28
11. Deut. 10:20
12. Matt. 5:29-30; 10:37; Acts 5:29
Q95: What is idolatry?
A95: Idolatry is to conceive or have something else in which to place our trust
instead of, or besides, the one true God who has revealed Himself in His
Word.[1]
1. Eph. 2:12; 5:5; Phil. 3:19; John 2:23; 5:23; II John 1:9; Psa. 62:5-7;
73:25-26; 81:8-9; Matt. 6:24
Q96: What does God require in the second Commandment?
A96: That we in no way make any image of God,[1] nor worship Him in any other
way than He has commanded us in His Word.[2]
1. Deut. 4:15-19; Isa. 40:18, 25; Rom. 1:22-24; Acts 17:29
2. I Sam. 15:23; Deut. 4:23-24; 12:30-32; Matt. 15:9; John 4:24
Q97: May we not make any image at all?
A97: God may not and cannot be imaged in any way; as for creatures, though they
may indeed be imaged, yet God forbids the making or keeping of any likeness of
them, either to worship them or to serve God by them.[1]
1. Exod. 23:24-25; 34:13-14; Deut. 7:5; 12:3; 16:22; II Kings 18:4; John 1:18
Q98: But may not pictures be tolerated in churches as books for the people?
A98: No, for we should not be wiser than God, who will not have His people
taught by dumb idols,[1] but by the lively preaching of His Word.[2]
1. Jer. 10:8; Hab. 2:18-19
2. II Peter 1:19; II Tim. 3:16-17; Rom. 10:17
Q99: What is required in the third Commandment?
A99: That we must not by cursing,[1] or by false swearing,[2] nor yet by
unnecessary oaths,[3] profane or abuse the name of God; nor even by our silence
and connivance be partakers of these horrible sins in others; and in summary,
that we use the holy name of God in no other way than with fear and
reverence,[4] so that He may be rightly confessed [5] and worshiped [6] by us,
and be glorified in all our words and works.[7]
1. Lev. 24:10-16
2. Lev. 19:12
3. Matt. 5:37; James 5:12
4. Isa. 45:23
5. Matt. 10:32
6. I Tim. 2:8
7. Rom. 2:24; I Tim. 6:1; Col. 3:16-17; I Peter 3:15
Q100: Is the profaning of God's name, by swearing and cursing, so grievous a sin
that His wrath is kindled against those also who do not help as much as they can
to hinder and forbid it?
A100: Yes, truly,[1] for no sin is greater and more provoking to God than the
profaning of His name; wherefore He even commanded it to be punished with
death.[2]
1. Lev. 5:1
2. Lev. 19:12; 24:15-16; Prov. 29:24-25
Q101: But may we swear reverently by the name of God?
A101: Yes, when the magistrate requires it, or when it may be needful otherwise,
to maintain and promote fidelity and truth to the glory of God and our
neighbor's good; for such an oath is grounded in God's Word,[1] and therefore
was rightly used by the saints in the Old and New Testaments.[2]
1. Deut. 10:20; Isa. 48:1; Heb. 6:16
2. Gen. 21:24; 31:53-54; Josh. 9:15, 19; I Sam. 24:22; I Kings 1:29; Rom. 1:9
Q102: May we swear by "the saints" or by any other creatures?
A102: No, for a lawful oath is a calling upon God, that He, as the only searcher
of hearts, may bear witness to the truth and punish me if I swear falsely;[1]
which honor is due to no creature.[2]
1. II Cor. 1:23
2. Matt. 5:34-36; Jer. 5:7; Isa. 65:16
Q103: What does God require in the fourth Commandment?
A103: In the first place, God wills that the ministry of the Gospel and schools
be maintained,[1] and that I, especially on the day of rest, diligently attend
church [2] to learn the Word of God,[3] to use the holy sacraments,[4] to call
publicly upon the Lord,[5] and to give Christian alms.[6] In the second place,
that all the days of my life I rest from my evil works, allow the Lord to work
in me by His Spirit, and thus begin in this life the everlasting sabbath.[7]
1. Titus. 1:5; I Tim. 3:14-15; 4:13-14; 5:17; I Cor. 9:11, 13-14
2. II Tim. 2:2, 15; Psa. 40:10-11; 68:26; Acts 2:42, 46
3. I Cor. 14:19, 29, 31
4. I Cor. 11:33
5. I Tim. 2:1-2, 8-10; I Cor. 14:16
6. I Cor. 16:2
7. Isa. 66:23; Gal. 6:6; Acts 20:7; Heb. 4:9-10
Q104: What does God require in the fifth Commandment?
A104: That I show all honor, love and faithfulness to my father and mother,[1]
and to all in authority over me,[2] submit myself with due obedience to all
their good instruction and correction, and also bear patiently with their
infirmities, since it is God's will to govern us by their hand.[3]
1. Eph. 6:1-6, 22; Col. 3:18, 20-24; Prov. 1:8-9; 4:1; 15:20; 20:20; Exod.
21:17; Gen. 9:24-25
2. Rom. 13:1-7; I Peter 2:18; Matt. 22:21
3. Eph. 6:4, 9; Col. 3:19, 21; Prov. 13:24; 30:17; Deut. 27:16; 32:24; I Tim.
2:1-2; 5:17; Heb. 13:17-18
Q105: What does God require in the sixth Commandment?
A105: That I do not revile, hate, insult or kill my neighbor either in thought,
word or gesture, much less in deed, whether by myself or by another,[1] but lay
aside all desire of revenge;[2] moreover, that I do not harm myself, nor
wilfully run into any danger.[3] Wherefore also to restrain murder the
magistrate is armed with the sword.[4]
1. Matt. 5:21-22; 26:52; Gen. 9:6
2. Eph. 4:26; Rom. 1:19; Matt. 5:25; 18:35
3. Matt. 4:7; Rom. 13:14; Col. 2:23
4. Exod. 21:14; Matt. 18:6-7
Q106: Does this Commandment speak only of killing?
A106: No, but in forbidding murder God teaches us that He abhors its very root,
namely, envy,[1] hatred,[2] anger,[3] and desire of revenge; and that in His
sight all these are hidden murder.[4]
1. Rom. 1:28-32
2. I John 2:9-11
3. James 2:13; Gal. 5:19-21
4. I John 3:15; James 1:19; 3:16
Q107: But is this all that is required: that we do not kill our neighbor?
A107: No, for in condemning envy, hatred, and anger, God requires us to love our
neighbor as ourselves,[1] to show patience, peace, meekness,[2] mercy,[3] and
kindness [4] towards him, and to prevent his hurt as much as possible;[5] also,
to do good even unto our enemies.[6]
1. Matt. 7:12; 22:39
2. Eph. 4:2; Gal. 6:1-2; Rom. 12:18
3. Matt. 5:7; Luke 6:36
4. Rom. 12:10
5. Exod. 23:5
6. Matt. 5:9, 44-45; Rom. 12:20-21; Col. 3:12-14
Q108: What does the seventh Commandment teach us?
A108: That all unchastity is accursed of God,[1] and that we should therefore
loathe it with our whole heart,[2] and live chastely and modestly,[3] whether in
holy wedlock or single life.[4]
1. Lev. 18:27-28
2. Jude 1:22-23
3. I Thess. 4:3-5
4. Heb. 13:4; I Cor. 7:1-4
Q109: Does God forbid nothing more in this Commandment than adultery and such
gross sins?
A109: Since both our body and soul are temples of the Holy Ghost, it is His will
that we keep both pure and holy; therefore, He forbids all unchaste actions,
gestures, words,[1] thoughts, desires,[2] and whatever may entice thereto.[3]
1. Eph. 5:3-4; I Cor. 6:18-20
2. Matt. 5:27-30
3. Eph. 6:18-19; I Cor. 15:33
Q110: What does God forbid in the eighth Commandment?
A110: God forbids not only such theft [1] and robbery [2] as are punished by the
government, but God views as theft also all wicked tricks and devices, whereby
we seek to get our neighbor's goods, whether by force or by deceit,[3] such as
unjust weights,[4] lengths, measures,[5] goods, coins, usury,[6] or by any means
forbidden of God; also all covetousness [7] and the misuse and waste of His
gifts.[8]
1. I Cor. 6:10
2. I Cor. 5:10
3. Luke 3:14; I Thess. 4:6
4. Prov. 11:1; 16:11
5. Ezek. 45:9-10; Deut. 25:13-15
6. Psa. 15:5; Luke 6:35
7. I Cor. 6:10
8. Prov. 5:10; I Tim. 6:10; John 6:12
Q111: But what does God require of you in this Commandment?
A111: That I further my neighbor's good where I can and may, deal with him as I
would have others deal with me,[1] and labor faithfully, so that I may be able
to help the poor in their need.[2]
1. Matt. 7:12
2. Eph. 4:28; Phil. 2:4; Gen. 3:19; I Tim. 6:6-7
Q112: What does the ninth Commandment require?
A112: That I bear false witness against no one,[1] twist no one's words,[2] be
no backbiter or slanderer,[3] join in condemning no one unheard and rashly;[4]
but that on pain of God's heavy wrath I avoid all lying and deceit [5] as the
very works of the devil;[6] and that in matters of judgment and justice and in
all other affairs I love, speak honestly and confess the truth;[7] also, insofar
as I can, defend and promote my neighbor's good name.[8]
1. Prov. 19:5, 9
2. Psa. 15:3
3. Rom. 1:28-30
4. Matt. 7:1-2; Luke 6:37
5. John 8:44
6. Prov. 12:22; 13:5
7. I Cor. 13:6; Eph. 4:25
8. I Peter 2:21, 23; 3:9; 4:8; John 7:24, 51; Col. 4:6
Q113: What does the tenth Commandment require?
A113: That not even the least inclination or thought against any commandment of
God ever enter our heart, but that with our whole heart we continually hate all
sin and take pleasure in all righteousness.[1]
1. Rom. 7:7-8; Prov. 4:23; James 1:14-15; Matt. 15:11, 19-20
Q114: Can those who are converted to God keep these Commandments perfectly?
A114: No, but even the holiest men, while in this life, have only a small
beginning of such obedience,[1] yet so that with earnest purpose they begin to
live not only according to some, but according to all the Commandments of
God.[2]
1. I John 1:8-10; Rom. 7:14-15; Eccl. 7:20
2. Rom. 7:22; James 2:10-11; Job 9:2-3; Psa. 19:13
Q115: Why then does God so strictly enjoin the Ten Commandments upon us, since
in this life no one can keep them?
A115: First, that as long as we live we may learn more and more to know our
sinful nature,[1] and so the more earnestly seek forgiveness of sins and
righteousness in Christ;[2] second, that without ceasing we diligently ask God
for the grace of the Holy Spirit, that we be renewed more and more after the
image of God, until we attain the goal of perfection after this life.[3]
1. I John 1:9; Psa. 32:5
2. Rom. 7:24-25
3. I Cor. 9:24-25; Phil. 3:12-14; Matt. 5:6; Psa. 51:12
Q116: Why is prayer necessary for Christians?
A116: Because it is the chief part of thankfulness which God requires of us,[1]
and because God will give His grace and Holy Spirit only to those who earnestly
and without ceasing ask them of Him, and render thanks unto Him for them.[2]
1. Psa. 50:14-15
2. Matt. 7:7-8; 13:12; Luke 11:9-10, 13; Eph. 6:18
Q117: What belongs to such prayer which is acceptable to God and which He will
hear?
A117: First, that with our whole heart [1] we call only upon the one true God,
who has revealed Himself to us in His Word,[2] for all that He has commanded us
to ask of Him;[3] second, that we thoroughly know our need and misery,[4] so as
to humble ourselves in the presence of His divine majesty;[5] third, that we be
firmly assured [6] that notwithstanding our unworthiness He will, for the sake
of Christ our Lord, certainly hear our prayer,[7] as He has promised us in His
Word.[8]
1. John 4:22-24
2. Rom. 8:26; I John 5:14
3. Psa. 27:8
4. II Chr. 20:12
5. Psa. 2:10; 34:18; Isa. 66:2
6. Rom. 10:14; James 1:6
7. John 14:13-16; Dan. 9:17-18
8. Matt. 7:8; Psa. 143:1; Luke 18:13
Q118: What has God commanded us to ask of Him?
A118: All things necessary for soul and body,[1] which Christ our Lord comprised
in the prayer which He Himself taught us.
1. James 1:17; Matt. 6:33; I Peter 5:7; Phil. 4:6
Q119: What is the Lord's Prayer?
A119: Our Father who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy
will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And
forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into
temptation, but deliver us from evil: for Thine is the kingdom, and the power,
and the glory, forever. Amen.[1]
1. Matt. 6:9-13; Luke 11:2-4
Q120: Why did Christ command us to address God thus: Our Father?
A120: To awaken in us at the very beginning of our prayer that childlike
reverence for and trust in God, which are to be the ground of our prayer,
namely, that God has become our Father through Christ, and will much less deny
us what we ask of Him in faith than our parents refuse us earthly things.[1]
1. Matt. 7:9-11; Luke 11:11-13; I Peter 1:17; Isa. 63:16
Q121: Why is it added: Who art in heaven?
A121: That we might have no earthly thought of the heavenly majesty of God,[1]
and from His almighty power expect all things necessary for body and soul.[2]
1. Jer. 23:23-24; Acts 17:24-25, 27
2. Rom. 10:12; I Kings 8:28; Psa. 115:3
Q122: What is the first petition?
A122: Hallowed be Thy name; that is, grant us, first, rightly to know Thee, and
to hallow, magnify and praise Thee,[1] in all Thy works, in which Thy power,
goodness, justice, mercy and truth shine forth;[2] and further, that we so order
our whole life, our thoughts, words and deeds, that Thy name may not be
blasphemed, but honored and praised on our account.[3]
1. John 17:3; Matt. 16:17; James 1:5; Psa. 119:105
2. Psa. 119:137; Rom. 11:33-36
3. Psa. 71:8, 16; 92:1-2; 100:3-4; Eph. 1:16-17
Q123: What is the second petition?
A123: Thy kingdom come; that is, so govern us by Thy Word and Spirit, that we
submit ourselves to Thee always more and more;[1] preserve and increase Thy
Church;[2] destroy the works of the devil, every power that exalts itself
against Thee, and all wicked devices formed against Thy Holy Word,[3] until the
fullness of Thy kingdom come,[4] wherein Thou shalt be all in all.[5]
1. 119:5; 143:10
2. Psa. 51:18; 122:6-7
3. I John 3:8; Rom. 16:20
4. Rev. 22:17, 20; Rom. 8:22-23
5. I Cor. 15:24, 28; Psa. 102:12-13; Heb. 12:28; Rev. 11:15
Q124: What is the third petition?
A124: Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven; that is, grant that we and
all men renounce our own will,[1] and without gainsaying obey Thy will, which
alone is good;[2] so that every one may fulfill his office and calling as
willingly and faithfully [3] as the angels do in heaven.[4]
1. Matt. 16:24
2. Luke 22:42; Titus 2:12
3. I Cor. 7:24
4. Psa. 103:20-21; Rom. 12:2; Heb. 13:21
Q125: What is the fourth petition?
A125: Give us this day our daily bread; that is, be pleased to provide for all
our bodily need,[1] so that we may thereby acknowledge that Thou art the only
fountain of all good,[2] and that without Thy blessing neither our care and
labor, nor Thy gifts, can profit us;[3] that we may therefore withdraw our trust
from all creatures and place it alone in Thee.[4]
1. Psa. 104:27-28; 145:15-16; Matt. 6:25-26
2. Acts 14:17; 17:27-28
3. I Cor. 15:58; Deut. 8:3; Psa. 37:3-7, 16-17
4. Psa. 55:22; 62:10; 127:1-2; 146:2-3; Jer. 17:5, 7
Q126: What is the fifth petition?
A126: And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors; that is, be pleased,
for the sake of Christ's blood, not to impute to us miserable sinners our
manifold transgressions, nor the evil which always cleaves to us;[1] as we also
find this witness of Thy grace in us, that it is our full purpose heartily to
forgive our neighbor.[2]
1. Psa. 51:1-4; 143:2; I John 2:1-2
2. Matt. 6:14-15; Psa. 51:5-7; Eph. 1:7
Q127: What is the sixth petition?
A127: And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil; that is, since
we are so weak in ourselves that we cannot stand a moment,[1] and besides, our
deadly enemies, the devil,[2] the world,[3] and our own flesh, [4] assail us
without ceasing, be pleased to preserve and strengthen us by the power of Thy
Holy Spirit, that we may make firm stand against them and not be overcome in
this spiritual warfare,[5] until finally complete victory is ours.[6]
1. John 15:5; Psa. 103:14-16
2. I Peter 5:8-9; Eph. 6:12-13
3. John 15:19
4. Rom. 7:23; Gal. 5:17
5. Matt. 26:41; Mark 13:33
6. I Thess. 3:13; 5:23-24; II Cor. 12:7
Q128: How do you close this prayer?
A128: For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever; that is,
all this we ask of Thee, because as our King, having power over all things, Thou
art willing and able to give us all good;[1] and that thereby not we, but Thy
holy name may be glorified forever.[2]
1. Rom. 10:11-12; II Peter 2:9
2. John 14:13; Psa. 115:1
Q129: What is the meaning of the word Amen?
A129: Amen means: so shall it truly and surely be. For my prayer is much more
certainly heard of God than I feel in my heart that I desire these things of
Him.[1]
1. II Cor. 1:20; II Tim. 2:13; Psa. 145:18-19
Now unto him that is able to do exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or
think, according to the power that worketh in us, Unto him be glory in the
church by Christ Jesus throughout all ages, world without end. Amen.[1]
1. Eph 3:20-21